Exploring fraud in telephony networks

Sahin, Merve; Francillon, Aurélien
35C3 2018, 35th Chaos Communication Congress, 27-30 December 2018, Leipzig, Germany

Telephone networks form the oldest large scale network that has grown to 

touch over 7 billion people. Telephony is now merging many complex 

technologies (PSTN, cellular and IP networks) and enabling numerous 

services that can be easily monetized. However, security challenges for 

telephony are often neither well understood, nor well addressed. As a 

result, telephone networks attract a lot of fraud. In this talk, we will 

systematically explore the fraud in telephone networks, focusing on 

voice telephony. We will present a taxonomy of fraud, and analyze two 

prevalent fraud schemes in more detail: looking into the ecosystem of 

International Revenue Share Fraud (IRSF), and discussing a new 

countermeasure to the well-known problem of voice spam.

This talk aims to improve the understanding of the fraud ecosystem in 

telephony networks. We first provide a clear taxonomy that 

differentiates between the root causes, the vulnerabilities, the 

exploitation techniques, the fraud types and finally the way fraud 

benefits fraudsters.

As concrete examples, we first look into International Revenue Share 

Fraud (IRSF), where phone calls to certain destinations are hijacked by fraudulent operators and diverted to the so-called 'international premium rate services'. This fraud often involves multiple parties who collect and share the call revenue, and is usually combined with other 

techniques (such as voice scam, mobile malware, PBX hacking) to generate call traffic without payment. We will further explore the IRSF ecosystem by analyzing more than 1 million `premium rate' phone numbers that we collected from several online service providers over the past 3 years.

In the second part, we will look into voice spam, a prevalent fraud in 

many countries. After giving an overview of various types of unwanted phone calls, we will focus on a recent countermeasure which involves connecting the phone spammer with a phone bot ("robocallee") that mimics a real persona. Lenny is such a bot (a computer program) which plays a set of pre-recorded voice messages to interact with the spammers. We try to understand the effectiveness of this chatbot, by analyzing the recorded conversations of Lenny with various types of spammers. As we consider the 'benefits' as a fundamental part of our fraud definition, we believe that chatbots can be combined with the existing fraud detection and prevention mechanisms, as a supplementary way of slowing down voice spam campaigns.


Type:
Talk
City:
Leipzig
Date:
2018-12-28
Department:
Digital Security
Eurecom Ref:
5775
Copyright:
© EURECOM. Personal use of this material is permitted. The definitive version of this paper was published in 35C3 2018, 35th Chaos Communication Congress, 27-30 December 2018, Leipzig, Germany and is available at :

PERMALINK : https://www.eurecom.fr/publication/5775