Abstract: Biometrics is the science of recognising individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics such as face, fingerprints, iris, voice, gait and signature. A typical biometric system may be viewed as a pattern classification system which utilises advanced signal processing schemes to compare and match biometric data. The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase in biometrics research in addition to the deployment of large-scale biometrics solutions in both civilian and law enforcement applications. Example applications that incorporate biometric recognition include: logical and physical access systems; surveillance operations to fight against fraud and organised crime; immigration control and border security systems; national identity programs; identity management systems, and determination of friend or foe in military installations...

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