Title: Video Servers: High Performance Architectures

PhD Student: Jamel Gafsi

Supervisor: Prof.Dr.Ernst W.Biersack

Key Words: Video Server Design, Striping, Reliability, distributed Architecture.


Description:

Multimedia applications such as Video-On-Demand, Tele-Shoping, or distance learning require a video server for audio and video data. All these applications are very demanding in terms of storage capacity and I/O bandwidth. A video server must also meet the requirements that stem from the continuous nature of audio and video. It must guarantee the delivery of continuous media data in a timely fashion. Due to the large volume of the video data, a video server usually consists of a large number of disks and possibly multiple sever nodes.

We have designed a video server architecture called server array where each video is distributed over all server nodes, i.e. each node stores only a part of the video. The major advantage of the proposed architecture is its superior scalability. Independent of the demand distribution, the load will always be equally distributed over all video server nodes.

Our research focuses on modeling and designing a distributed and reliable video server. A challenging task thereby is to provide both, (i) performance (the number of concurrent clients and the start-up latency for new client request) by distributing the workload evenly among disks, and (ii) reliability by introducing redundant information to protect against component failures.

We have implemented a VOD prototype based on our research results. Both server and clients run on multiple platforms such as Sun machines running Solaris and Pc's running Windows NT. The server stores MPEG-I coded videos and serves a large number of clients, each of them consuming the MPEG streams at the rate of 25 frames/sec. The prototype is able to cope with many types of heterogeneity: the number of disks per node, their storage and I/O bandwidth capacity, the variety of the striping techniques used, the diversity of the reliability schemes supported (Error Correcting Codes (ECC) in software, or mirroring-based schemes).

We are now testing our video server on a high performance MAN (EuroSud 155) and studying its performance and quality of service.

Recently, we studied reliability on a video server from two different points of view:

We have compared different mirroring schemes in terms of their performance and reliability using discrete Markov models. Our results show that a mirroring scheme that copies data of a single disk onto a subset of all disks achieves the best trade-off between reliability and the number of concurrent streams supported.

We have compared mirroring- and parity-based schemes in terms of performance and cost. Our results show that a server that uses mirroring, although it doubles the storage requirement, has lower per stream cost than a server that uses parity-based reliability.

Slides


Publications

[GB00]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. Modeling and Performance Comparison of Reliability Strategies for Distributed Video Servers. to appear in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, February 2000.
[GB99a]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. Data Striping and Reliablity Aspects in Distributed Video Servers. In Cluster Computing: Networks, Software Tools, and Applications, 2 (1):75--91, February 1999.
[GB99b]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. A Novel Replica Placement Strategy for Video Servers. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop On Interactive and Distributed Multimedia Systems IDMS'99, Toulouse, France, October 12-15 1999.
[GB99c]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. Performance and Cost Comparison of Mirroring- and Parity-Based Reliability Schemes for Video Servers. In Proceedings of KiVS'99, Darmstadt, Germany, March 1999.
[GB99d]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. Performance and Reliability Study for Distributed Video Servers: Mirroring or Parity?. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on multimedia computing and systems (ICMCS'99), Florence, Italy, June 1999.
[GB99e]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst W. Biersack. Serveurs Video: Architecture et Perfromance. Hermes Science Publications, 1999.
[Gaf99]
Jamel Gafsi. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF LARGE SCALE VIDEO SERVERS. PhD thesis, ENST Paris, Institut Eurecom, November 1999.
[GWB98]
Jamel Gafsi, Uli Walther, and Ernst W. Biersack. Design and Implementation of a Scalable, Reliable, and Distributed VOD-Server. In Proceedings of to the 5th joint IFIP-TC6 and ICCC Conference on Computer Communications, October 1998.
[RGN98]
Pablo Rodriguez, Jamel Gafsi, and Jorg Nonnenmacher. A more Attractive and Interactive TV. In W3C Workshop on Television and the Web, Sophia Antipolis, France, July 1998. Position Paper.
[GB97]
Jamel Gafsi and Ernst Biersack. Impact of Buffer Sharing in Multiple Disk Video Server Architecture. In Proceedings in the 6th Open Workshop on High Speed Networks, Stuttgart, Germany, October 1997.

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